Teeth loss in the maxilla initiates residual ridge/alveolar resorption, especially in the anterior region, which is flared labially. The consequences of this resorption is a gradual medial or palatal shift of the crest of the maxilla. This...
The peri-implant mucosa consists of an externally located keratinized oral epithelium, which is connected to the peri-implant junctional epithelium facing the abutment. The latter extends approximately 2 mm apical to the...
Missing single teeth imply a variety of bone sites for implant placement. Incisor regions are frequently impeded by inadequate mesio-distal and/or bucco-lingual bone dimensions, whereas second bicuspid/molar regions are generally affected by inadequate...
The process of informed consent requires a thorough communication between healthcare professional and patient. The communication should minimally comprise...
There are several treatment options for a single missing tooth; the most common are an implant-supported crown, a 3-unit fixed partial denture supported by two natural teeth, a fixed resin-bonded fixed partial denture, a removable partial denture...
The application of implants for single-tooth replacements has evolved into a viable surgical and prosthodontic treatment option with reporting of excellent implant survival rates and satisfied patients. Psychological benefits of restoring the dental...
It is helpful if a clinician is situated so that his/her eyes are at the level of the patient's eyes. For example, if the patient is seated, the clinician should also be seated. It is beneficial if the interview between clinician and...
Oral implants are usually placed in the mandibular and maxillary bone and sometimes in additional bone structures such as the zygomatic, pterygoid or vomer bone. In order to identify relevant anatomical structures, diagnostic evaluation of the anatomy...
The primary goal is a proper oral function. This implies not only chewing but also speaking, smiling. Patients’ adaptability varies enormously. Some are satisfied with removable dentures, others object to the esthetics of...
Implant supported overdentures are an evidence-based treatment option for edentulous patients leading to a significantly increased quality of life.
There are various retention elements available which connect the implants directly...
Implant overdentures are an excellent treatment option for edentulous patients and lead to significant improvement of quality of life. There are various options for their retention mechanism...
Less than 4-6 mm of vertical residual bone height in the posterior segment of the maxilla is an indication for a sinus augmentation procedure [Esposito]. The external access to the maxillary sinus is carried out at a lateral buccal alveolar...
The surgeon should be standing or be seated behind the supine patient. Bilateral truncular anesthesia is needed. The incision can be crestal or at a distance in the labial fold. Presence of keratinized tissue both labially and palatally should...
Incision can be made either on top of the crest or at some distance in the labial fold. The outcome for both approaches seems comparable. A sagittal release incision at the midline eases the reflection of the labial mucoperiosteum. It is logical to try to achieve...
Any intra-oral surgical intervention begins with the incision and finishes with a suture or gluing. Indications for a crestal incision include one-stage surgeries where the implant or abutment is non-submerged and is piercing into the oral...