In this work the effect of surface anodization on soft tissue integration was evaluated by comparing anodized (Xeal™) and machined surface titanium discs as culture substrates for human gingival epithelial cells (HGEPp) and primary human gingival fibroblasts (HFIB-G). HFIB-G cells...

The peri-implant mucosa consists of an externally located keratinized oral epithelium, which is connected to the peri-implant junctional epithelium facing the abutment. The latter extends approximately 2 mm apical to the...

The aims of peri-implant soft tissue management in the edentulous mandible are the eventual reconstruction of attached gingiva or immobilizing the soft tissue at the implant-soft tissue interface. Vestibuloplasty means deepening of the...