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Treatment guidelines

Single tooth

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Biologic complications

Extraction of teeth with persistent periapical lesions requires a specific drilling protocol to remove infected bone, to reach healthy trabecular bone and start up a bleeding. Residual dens sclerotic bone may harbor latent pathogenic microorganisms for a...

Complications & long-term success
Peri-implant therapy
Peri-implantitis
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Overarching considerations

The primary goal is a proper oral function. This implies not only chewing but also speaking, smiling. Patients’ adaptability varies enormously. Some are satisfied with removable dentures, others object to the esthetics of...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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All-on-4® treatment concept

Patients wearing complete dentures often suffer from esthetic and functional discomfort and compromised denture retention and chewing function. Denture adhesives are often applied. Many patients perceive this...

Edentulous treatments
Implants in compromised sites
Immediate loading / provisionalization
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Time to function

Traditional endosseous oral implant treatment protocols ad modum Brånemark required a variable healing period (usually 3-6 months) before prosthesis placement. The healing period was considered necessary to achieve osseointegration and establish a load-bearing interface...

Immediate loading / provisionalization
Success & failure
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Guided surgery with drill guides

Surgery using a drill guide fabricated on the basis of CT scan images transformed by a planning software offers several clinical advantages...

Radiology
Digital workflow
Guided Surgery
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Biologic complications

This is the reversible inflammatory process in the soft tissues around functioning implants. Peri-implant mucositis occurs in almost 60% of subjects (± 30% of sites), restored with implants. Diagnosis is stated by clinical examination: redness, ...

Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant therapy
Local factors
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Inflammation and infection

Inflammation can be limited to the soft tissue around the implant (mucositis) or involve the underlying bone tissue as well (peri-implantitis). Infection can be caused by various risk factors, such as inadequate hygiene and patient compliance...

Peri-implantitis
Aftercare / follow up
Peri-implant therapy
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Infection - microbiological diagnostics

Presence/number of implants influences aerobe and anaerobe species in saliva and on tongue in edentulism. Subgingival microbiota in periimplantitis vary according to studies. Less periodontal pathogens than in partial edentulism. Prevotella nigrescens,...

Peri-implantitis
Aftercare / follow up
Peri-implant therapy
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Provisionals/temporary prosthesis

Whenever possible, provisional restorations should be fabricated to simulate the desired definitive prosthesis in form, albeit with different and less durable materials. The lessened durability and functional capacity of a provisional restoration...

Immediate loading / provisionalization
Aftercare / follow up
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Immediate dentures

The patient with a terminal dentition and who faces total teeth extractions can choose from a number of treatment options from immediate complete denture to one of the implant supported protocols.
Immediate dentures are chosen by patients who are unwilling...

Biomechanics and occlusion
Immediate loading / provisionalization
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Provisionals

Conceptually, a provisional prosthesis for an edentulous patient is a convenient tool that offers the patient a satisfactory level of function and esthetic appearance while definitive treatment is undertaken...

Guided Surgery
Immediate loading / provisionalization
Diagnosis and treatment planning
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Salivary output

Physiological salivary output is 0.75 to 1.5 liters per day, with most originating from the submandibular glands. Saliva is a lubricant and has a complex set of protective and healing functions for the oral cavity. It adheres instantly to...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Microbiology

Epithelial desquamation in the oropharynx limits bacterial accumulation, except on the tongue dorsum and in the tonsillar crypts. Loss of teeth dramatically reduces the load of periodontal pathogens except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and to a...

Implants in compromised sites
Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Hyposalivation and Xerostomia

Saliva plays a significant role in the preservation and maintenance of oral health and function. It supports digestion by preparing food for mastication and swallowing, contributes to taste perception, facilitates speech communication and provides oral tissues...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Risk factors

Relevant risk factors for implant treatment:

  • Children and adolescents (during ongoing bone/skeletal development), unless in selected anodontia patients. However, implant placement for orthodontic treatment purposes is indicated.
  • Uncontrolled metabolic diseases such as Diabetes Mellit...
Local factors
Systemic factors
Patient assessment