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Treatment guidelines

Single tooth

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Biologic complications

Extraction of teeth with persistent periapical lesions requires a specific drilling protocol to remove infected bone, to reach healthy trabecular bone and start up a bleeding. Residual dens sclerotic bone may harbor latent pathogenic microorganisms for a...

Complications & long-term success
Peri-implant therapy
Peri-implantitis
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Treatment guidelines

Single tooth

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Anterior and posterior location considerations

Missing single teeth imply a variety of bone sites for implant placement. Incisor regions are frequently impeded by inadequate mesio-distal and/or bucco-lingual bone dimensions, whereas second bicuspid/molar regions are generally affected by inadequate...

Radiology
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Comprehensive treatment concepts, Zygomatic implants

Conventional dentures are a common treatment option, but, when bone is missing, they may not meet functional, psychological and social needs of the individual. Classical surgical approaches include different...

Radiology
Edentulous treatments
Implants in compromised sites
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Anatomical location

Oral implants are usually placed in the mandibular and maxillary bone and sometimes in additional bone structures such as the zygomatic, pterygoid or vomer bone. In order to identify relevant anatomical structures, diagnostic evaluation of the anatomy...

Radiology
Implants in compromised sites
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Digital treatment planning protocols, introduction

Spiral or Cone Beam CT (CBCT) data sets of the patient jaw bones and of the scan template are transcoded by a specific software to produce three-dimensional (3-D) images of the jaw bones and thickness of the mucosa. Software planning... 

Radiology
CAD/CAM
Diagnosis and treatment planning
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Hard tissue management - mandible

The scientific literature shows that short implants with a length of ≥ 6 mm are able to support prosthetics in the edentulous mandible. After tooth removal the mandible displays different degrees of atrophy (Fig 1&2). Regarding hard tissue management...

Radiology
Bone grafting and regeneration
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Need for grafting

There are three main indications for grafting from an anatomical perspective...

Radiology
Bone grafting and regeneration
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Hard tissue management - maxilla

3-D imaging seems the best option unless clinical examination reveals an ample bone volume. The bone quality can be derived from density measurements if CT scan images are available or approximately from the trabecular pattern of 2-D images. Pano....

Radiology
Bone grafting and regeneration
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Guided surgery with drill guides

Surgery using a drill guide fabricated on the basis of CT scan images transformed by a planning software offers several clinical advantages...

Radiology
Digital workflow
Guided Surgery
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency

Teeth extractions are followed by a reduction of the bucco-lingual as well as the vertical dimension of the residual alveolar ridge. The ensuing resorption is progressive and even the basal jaw may become involved. In the lower jaw, the....

Radiology
Systemic factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Biologic complications

This is the reversible inflammatory process in the soft tissues around functioning implants. Peri-implant mucositis occurs in almost 60% of subjects (± 30% of sites), restored with implants. Diagnosis is stated by clinical examination: redness, ...

Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant therapy
Local factors
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Radiological Control

At the beginning of the recall control it is necessary to define the intention of a radiograhical control and if it is needed. Radiological controls are only justified in the presence of certain symptoms, anamnesis and/or clinical examination...

Radiology
Aftercare / follow up
Peri-implant therapy
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Inflammation and infection

Inflammation can be limited to the soft tissue around the implant (mucositis) or involve the underlying bone tissue as well (peri-implantitis). Infection can be caused by various risk factors, such as inadequate hygiene and patient compliance...

Peri-implantitis
Aftercare / follow up
Peri-implant therapy
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Infection - microbiological diagnostics

Presence/number of implants influences aerobe and anaerobe species in saliva and on tongue in edentulism. Subgingival microbiota in periimplantitis vary according to studies. Less periodontal pathogens than in partial edentulism. Prevotella nigrescens,...

Peri-implantitis
Aftercare / follow up
Peri-implant therapy
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Flap or flapless

Flapless implant surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed either using guided surgery or custom fabricated surgical guides made of casts taken at the first patient visit. Several clinical papers reported excellent short- and long...

Radiology
Guided Surgery
Edentulous treatments