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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Skeletal consequences of edentulism

Teeth loss in the maxilla initiates residual ridge/alveolar resorption, especially in the anterior region, which is flared labially. The consequences of this resorption is a gradual medial or palatal shift of the crest of the maxilla. This...

Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Framework materials

A commonly used option for fixed restorations is a metal or zirconia framework with ceramic or acrylic veneering. The amount of alveolar bone resorption determines whether teeth or teeth and soft tissue must be replaced...

Digital workflow
CAD/CAM
Prosthetic materials
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Overarching considerations

The primary goal is a proper oral function. This implies not only chewing but also speaking, smiling. Patients’ adaptability varies enormously. Some are satisfied with removable dentures, others object to the esthetics of...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Anesthesia

The choice of anesthesia depends on many variables including the complexity of treatment, duration of treatment, need for patient awareness and the response during treatment, only to name a few. In general, the clinician and patient should discuss the...

Patient assessment
Preoperative procedures
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Guided surgery with drill guides

Surgery using a drill guide fabricated on the basis of CT scan images transformed by a planning software offers several clinical advantages...

Radiology
Digital workflow
Guided Surgery
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency

Teeth extractions are followed by a reduction of the bucco-lingual as well as the vertical dimension of the residual alveolar ridge. The ensuing resorption is progressive and even the basal jaw may become involved. In the lower jaw, the....

Radiology
Systemic factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Implant overdenture impressions

Impression making in implant overdenture therapy simultaneously records healthy available denture-bearing tissue surfaces and implants’ positions in edentulous arches. The objective is a shared retention and...

Digital workflow
Implant prosthetics
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Complete denture impressions

Impression taking for a complete denture records available denture-bearing tissue surfaces. An ideal force distribution pattern based upon the load bearing capacity of supporting tissues is desirable while avoiding dislodging by the oro-facial...

Digital workflow
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Peri-operative care

As described in Patient Assessment, a thorough evaluation of patient factors influencing whether to proceed with surgical therapy is relevant.
Depending on the tpe of surgery prescribe pre-operative medication (for example antibiotic coverage), if...

Patient assessment
Preoperative procedures
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Wax-up, arrangement, mock-up

Treatment planning for the edentulous patient requires a diagnostic tooth arrangement which provides valuable information for pre-surgical planning (surgical guide fabrication), facilitates discussion regarding...

Digital workflow
CAD/CAM
Diagnosis and treatment planning
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Salivary output

Physiological salivary output is 0.75 to 1.5 liters per day, with most originating from the submandibular glands. Saliva is a lubricant and has a complex set of protective and healing functions for the oral cavity. It adheres instantly to...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Occlusion

A universally accepted definition of ideal occlusion has been elusive. This is because an ideal occlusion can only be defined in broad terms of a physiological range of form and function. Functional aspects of occlusion, rather than specific anatomical...

Biomechanics and occlusion
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Hyposalivation and Xerostomia

Saliva plays a significant role in the preservation and maintenance of oral health and function. It supports digestion by preparing food for mastication and swallowing, contributes to taste perception, facilitates speech communication and provides oral tissues...

Local factors
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Muco-gingival junction

The gingiva is tightly connected to the underlying periosteum. It is globally keratinized and has a stippled surface. Its color varies from pink to brown or even black, depending on race and/or melanin deposits. It can be distinguished from alveolar mucosa, which...

Soft tissue management
Patient assessment
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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

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Existing prosthesis

Examination of existing dentures provides invaluable information on patients’ perceptions of teeth and soft tissue esthetics, including facial vertical dimension support. It also informs clinicians regarding their patients’ overall...

Diagnosis and treatment planning
Patient assessment