The peri-implant mucosa consists of an externally located keratinized oral epithelium, which is connected to the peri-implant junctional epithelium facing the abutment. The latter extends approximately 2 mm apical to the...
Conventional dentures are a common treatment option, but, when bone is missing, they may not meet functional, psychological and social needs of the individual. Classical surgical approaches include different...
A commonly used option for fixed restorations is a metal or zirconia framework with ceramic or acrylic veneering. The amount of alveolar bone resorption determines whether teeth or teeth and soft tissue must be replaced...
Cement-retained restorations are a traditional design to attach a restoration (crown, bridge) to an implant-retained abutment, similar to cementing a crown or bridge restoration on a natural tooth. With the traditional, relatively...
Frameworks are veneered with veneering materials, to design the esthetics and shape of the definitive restoration. Framework material options for acrylic veneering include titanium, (CrCo) Cobalt - Chrome and precious alloys...
Frameworks can be made from titanium, zirconia, precious alloys and Co-Cr base alloys and can be cement-retained or screw-retained. With minimal bone resorption, a ceramo-metal restoration is preferable to accommodate interarch...
Implant-based prostheses can be cement-retained, screw-retained or a combination of both (Fig 1). By definition, an abutment is a component that is intermediate between the implant and the restoration and it is usually screw...
Implant supported overdentures are an evidence-based treatment option for edentulous patients leading to a significantly increased quality of life.
There are various retention elements available which connect the implants directly...
Implant overdentures are an excellent treatment option for edentulous patients and lead to significant improvement of quality of life. There are various options for their retention mechanism...
Patients wearing complete dentures often suffer from esthetic and functional discomfort and compromised denture retention and chewing function. Denture adhesives are often applied. Many patients perceive this...
Zygomatic implants have been documented as a an alternative for the rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla with both the classical two stage and immediate loading protocols. Zygomatic implants avoid grafting and sinus lift procedures and therefore contribut
The surgeon should be standing or be seated behind the supine patient. Bilateral truncular anesthesia is needed. The incision can be crestal or at a distance in the labial fold. Presence of keratinized tissue both labially and palatally should...
Spiral or Cone Beam CT (CBCT) data sets of the patient jaw bones and of the scan template are transcoded by a specific software to produce three-dimensional (3-D) images of the jaw bones and thickness of the mucosa. Software planning...
Hand-made templates are duplicates obtained from the denture/tooth arrangement with access holes or titanium tubes. These are located in the correct positions and axes of the planned prosthetic teeth according to the CBCT a...
Incision can be made either on top of the crest or at some distance in the labial fold. The outcome for both approaches seems comparable. A sagittal release incision at the midline eases the reflection of the labial mucoperiosteum. It is logical to try to achieve...