0 Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
- 0.6 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.2 age
  - 5.3 Compliance
  - 5.4 Smoking
  - 5.5 Drug abuse
  - 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
  - 5.7 Parafunctions
  - 5.8 Diabetes
  - 5.9 Osteoporosis
  - 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
  - 5.11 Steroids
  - 5.12 Bisphosphonates
  - 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
  - 5.14 Radiotherapy
  - 5.15 Risk factors
1 Diagnostics
- 1.1 Clinical Assessment
  - 0.1 Lip line
  - 0.2 Mouth opening
  - 0.3 Vertical dimension
  - 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
  - 0.5 TMD
  - 0.6 Existing prosthesis
  - 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
  - 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
  - 1.1 Occlusion
  - 1.2 Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency
  - 1.3 Skeletal consequences of edentulism
  - 1.4 Head-neck cancer
- 1.3 Clinical diagnostic assessments
  - 2.1 Microbiology
  - 2.2 Salivary output
- 1.4 Diagnostic imaging
  - 3.1 Imaging overview
  - 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
  - 3.3 Panoramic
  - 3.4 CBCT
  - 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
  - 4.1 Prosthodontic guides overview
  - 4.2 Wax-up, arrangement, mock-up
  - 4.3 Splints and imaging for surgery
  - 4.4 Provisionals
2 Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
  - 0.1 Mucosally supported - Overview and important considerations
  - 0.2 Complete denture
  - 0.3 Immediate denture
  - 0.4 Occlusal schemes
- 2.2 Implant-retained/supported, general
  - 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
  - 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
  - 1.3 Time to function
  - 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
  - 1.5 Soft tissue management
  - 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
  - 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
  - 1.8 Need for grafting
  - 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
  - 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
    
    9.1 Digital treatment planning protocols, introduction
    
    9.2 Digital treatment planning protocols, NobelClinician
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
  - 2.1 Implant overdenture, overview
    
    0.1 Implant overdenture, introduction
    
    0.2 Overdenture retention devices, overview
  - 2.2 Secondary splinting
  - 2.3 Primary splinting
- 2.4 Implant prosthetics - fixed
  - 3.1 Fixed implant prosthesis, introduction
  - 3.2 Screw-retained restorations
    
    1.1 Screw-retained
    
    1.2 Implant-supported vs abutment-supported
  - 3.3 Cement-retained restorations
    
    2.1 Cement-retained
    
    2.2 Abutment materials
  - 3.4 Framework materials
    
    3.1 Framework materials
    
    3.2 Veneering with ceramic
    
    3.3 Veneering with Acrylic
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
3 Treatment Procedures
- 3.1 Surgical
  - 0.1 Surgical considerations
    
    0.1 Anesthesia
    
    0.2 Peri-operative care
    
    0.3 Post-operative care
    
    0.4 Flap-or flapless
    
    0.5 Wound closure
    
    0.6 Intra-operative complications
    
    0.7 Guided vs non-guided
    
    0.8 Semi-guided surgery with prosthetic template
    
    0.9 Guided surgery with drill guides
  - 0.2 Surgical protocols - general
    
    1.1 Crestal incision
    
    1.2 Choice of implant
    
    1.3 Parallel implant placement
    
    1.4 Tapered implant placement
    
    1.5 Insertion torque
    
    1.6 Insertion height
    
    1.7 Implant angulation
  - 0.3 Surgical protocols - mandible
    
    2.1 Implant placement with open flap procedure - mandible
    
    2.2 Grafting, mandible
  - 0.4 Surgical protocols - maxilla
    
    3.1 Implant placement - maxilla
    
    3.2 Grafting, maxilla
    
    3.3 Sinus lifting
    
    3.4 Zygomatic implants
    
    3.5 Pterygoid implants
    
    3.6 Problems and complications in maxillary implant surgery
- 3.2 Removable prosthetics
  - 1.1 Complete dentures
    
    0.1 Complete denture clinical protocol
    
    0.2 Complete denture impressions
    
    0.3 Complete denture - maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    0.4 Complete denture trial placement
    
    0.5 Complete denture placement
    
    0.6 Complete denture post-placement
  - 1.2 Implant overdentures
    
    1.1 Overdenture clinical protocol
    
    1.2 Implant overdenture impressions
    
    1.3 Implant overdenture maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    1.4 Implant overdenture trial placement
    
    1.5 Implant overdenture placement
    
    1.6 Implant overdenture post-placement
- 3.3 Fixed prosthetics
  - 2.1 Fixed implant prosthesis clinical protocol
  - 2.2 Impressions
    
    1.1 Impressions - overview
    
    1.2 Splinted vs unsplinted impression copings
    
    1.3 Open versus closed tray
    
    1.4 Parallel vs non-parallel
  - 2.3 Maxillo-mandibular relations
  - 2.4 Trial placement
  - 2.5 Framework trial placement
  - 2.6 Placement
  - 2.7 Post-placement
4 Aftercare
- 4.1 Surgical aftercare
  - 0.1 Medication
  - 0.2 Post-operative soft tissue management
  - 0.3 Suture removal
  - 0.4 Post-surgical recommendations
- 4.2 Prosthetic aftercare
  - 1.1 Esthetic and function check
  - 1.2 Provisionals / temporary prosthesis
  - 1.3 Oral hygiene instructions
  - 1.4 Occlusal guard
- 4.3 Post-treatment complications and management
  - 2.1 Bleeding
  - 2.2 Soft tissue and hard tissue
  - 2.3 Patient compliance / recall
  - 2.4 Biologic complications
  - 2.5 Esthetic complications
- 4.4 Recall visits and logistics
  - 3.1 Recall visits - overview
  - 3.2 Patient expectations
  - 3.3 General health check
  - 3.4 Professional oral hygiene
  - 3.5 Implant overdenture maintenance
  - 3.6 Occlusion check
  - 3.7 Probing
  - 3.8 Inflammation, infection
    
    7.1 Inflammation and infection - overview
    
    7.2 Infection, microbiological diagnostics
  - 3.9 Radiological control

Treatment guidelines

Direct to implant vs. abutment

Key points

A prosthesis directly supported by implants is indicated when inter-arch distance is limited
A prosthesis supported by abutments is indicated when implant angulation needs to be corrected, especially for screw-retained prosthesis designs
Abutments designed for cement-retained restorations are preferred in situations where an access screw hole is not desired
For a prosthesis directly supported by implants, soft tissues around implants must be carefully manipulated during impression and trial placement appointments

Advantages of abutment-supported prostheses

When implants are not parallel to each other, the use of angulated abutments can "correct" for the non-parallelism.
Angulated abutments are available for a screw-retained prosthesis.
Custom abutments can be fabricated for a cemented prosthesis.
Placement of abutments permits the abutment-prosthesis interface to be placed crestally or supra-crestally making impression-taking and trial placement much easier and less invasive for the soft tissues.

Disadvantages of abutment-supported prostheses

When there is limited interarch space, placing abutments reduces the size and hence the strength of the prosthesis framework.
The typical implant to prosthesis system involves two retentive interfaces of implant-abutment and abutment-prosthesis meaning that in the case of cement-rertained prostheses, access to the abutment screw may be difficult.
Cement excess is a major cause for peri-implant inflammation and peri-implant crestal bone loss.

Advantages of implant-supported prosthesis

When there is limited interarch space, this type of prosthesis allows for the necessary size and strength of the prosthesis framework.
With the typical implant-prosthesis-prosthetic screw system, retrievability is enhanced.
There is only one retentive mechanism to manage.

Disadvantages of implant-supported prosthesis

Cannot be used with a cement-retained prosthesis.
Non-parallelism of implants may lead to compromised esthetics due to the position of the access holes for the prosthetic screws.
Impressions and trial placement procedures may traumatize the peri-implant soft tissues.
Connection and disconnection of the prosthesis may influence the periimplant tissue condition/crestal bone levels.
Connection and disconnection of the restoration may be more uncomfortable for the patient in comparison to an abutment supported prosthesis.

Clinical topics

Prosthetic strategies

Prosthetic materials

Implant prosthetics

Implant concepts

Fixed prosthetics

Peri-implant therapy

Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

Fixed implant prostheses, introduction

A fixed prosthesis offers benefits from both a functional and esthetic point of view and may be regarded as quite similar to a patient's own natural dentition when compared to alternative treatment options such as complete dentures....

CAD/CAM

Prosthetic materials

Implant prosthetics

See now

Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

Screw-retained restorations, overview

Screw-retained restorations are designed to be screwed either directly onto the implant or onto a screw-retained abutment positioned on the implant (Multi-unit Abutment). Screw-retained restorations represent a secure and easy way to...

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Treatment guidelines

Edentulous

Cement-retained restorations, overview

Cement-retained restorations are a traditional design to attach a restoration (crown, bridge) to an implant-retained abutment, similar to cementing a crown or bridge restoration on a natural tooth. With the traditional, relatively...

CAD/CAM

Prosthetic materials

Implant prosthetics

See now

Additional internal materials

Videos

Stefan Holst: Prosthetic considerations for edentulous patients

The lecture reviews decision criteria for material selection and design options in edentulous restorations. From a clinical and patient expectation standpoint, removable and fixed restorations provide comparable long-term outcome. Removable restorations can offer advantages, such...

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Direct to implant vs. abutment

Key points

Clinical topics

Related articles

Treatment guidelines

Fixed implant prostheses, introduction

Treatment guidelines

Screw-retained restorations, overview

Treatment guidelines

Cement-retained restorations, overview

Additional internal materials

Videos

Stefan Holst: Prosthetic considerations for edentulous patients

Questions

Direct to implant vs. abutment

Key points

Advantages of abutment-supported prostheses

Disadvantages of abutment-supported prostheses

Advantages of implant-supported prosthesis

Disadvantages of implant-supported prosthesis

Clinical topics

Related articles

Treatment guidelines

Fixed implant prostheses, introduction

Treatment guidelines

Screw-retained restorations, overview

Treatment guidelines

Cement-retained restorations, overview

Additional internal materials

Videos

Stefan Holst: Prosthetic considerations for edentulous patients

Scientific References

Questions