0 Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
- 0.6 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.2 age
  - 5.3 Compliance
  - 5.4 Smoking
  - 5.5 Drug abuse
  - 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
  - 5.7 Parafunctions
  - 5.8 Diabetes
  - 5.9 Osteoporosis
  - 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
  - 5.11 Steroids
  - 5.12 Bisphosphonates
  - 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
  - 5.14 Radiotherapy
  - 5.15 Risk factors
1 Diagnostics
- 1.1 Clinical Assessment
  - 0.1 Lip line
  - 0.2 Mouth opening
  - 0.3 Vertical dimension
  - 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
  - 0.5 TMD
  - 0.6 Existing prosthesis
  - 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
  - 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
  - 1.1 Occlusion
  - 1.2 Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency
  - 1.3 Skeletal consequences of edentulism
  - 1.4 Head-neck cancer
- 1.3 Clinical diagnostic assessments
  - 2.1 Microbiology
  - 2.2 Salivary output
- 1.4 Diagnostic imaging
  - 3.1 Imaging overview
  - 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
  - 3.3 Panoramic
  - 3.4 CBCT
  - 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
  - 4.1 Prosthodontic guides overview
  - 4.2 Wax-up, arrangement, mock-up
  - 4.3 Splints and imaging for surgery
  - 4.4 Provisionals
2 Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
  - 0.1 Mucosally supported - Overview and important considerations
  - 0.2 Complete denture
  - 0.3 Immediate denture
  - 0.4 Occlusal schemes
- 2.2 Implant-retained/supported, general
  - 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
  - 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
  - 1.3 Time to function
  - 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
  - 1.5 Soft tissue management
  - 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
  - 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
  - 1.8 Need for grafting
  - 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
  - 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
    
    9.1 Digital treatment planning protocols, introduction
    
    9.2 Digital treatment planning protocols, NobelClinician
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
  - 2.1 Implant overdenture, overview
    
    0.1 Implant overdenture, introduction
    
    0.2 Overdenture retention devices, overview
  - 2.2 Secondary splinting
  - 2.3 Primary splinting
- 2.4 Implant prosthetics - fixed
  - 3.1 Fixed implant prosthesis, introduction
  - 3.2 Screw-retained restorations
    
    1.1 Screw-retained
    
    1.2 Implant-supported vs abutment-supported
  - 3.3 Cement-retained restorations
    
    2.1 Cement-retained
    
    2.2 Abutment materials
  - 3.4 Framework materials
    
    3.1 Framework materials
    
    3.2 Veneering with ceramic
    
    3.3 Veneering with Acrylic
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
3 Treatment Procedures
- 3.1 Surgical
  - 0.1 Surgical considerations
    
    0.1 Anesthesia
    
    0.2 Peri-operative care
    
    0.3 Post-operative care
    
    0.4 Flap-or flapless
    
    0.5 Wound closure
    
    0.6 Intra-operative complications
    
    0.7 Guided vs non-guided
    
    0.8 Semi-guided surgery with prosthetic template
    
    0.9 Guided surgery with drill guides
  - 0.2 Surgical protocols - general
    
    1.1 Crestal incision
    
    1.2 Choice of implant
    
    1.3 Parallel implant placement
    
    1.4 Tapered implant placement
    
    1.5 Insertion torque
    
    1.6 Insertion height
    
    1.7 Implant angulation
  - 0.3 Surgical protocols - mandible
    
    2.1 Implant placement with open flap procedure - mandible
    
    2.2 Grafting, mandible
  - 0.4 Surgical protocols - maxilla
    
    3.1 Implant placement - maxilla
    
    3.2 Grafting, maxilla
    
    3.3 Sinus lifting
    
    3.4 Zygomatic implants
    
    3.5 Pterygoid implants
    
    3.6 Problems and complications in maxillary implant surgery
- 3.2 Removable prosthetics
  - 1.1 Complete dentures
    
    0.1 Complete denture clinical protocol
    
    0.2 Complete denture impressions
    
    0.3 Complete denture - maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    0.4 Complete denture trial placement
    
    0.5 Complete denture placement
    
    0.6 Complete denture post-placement
  - 1.2 Implant overdentures
    
    1.1 Overdenture clinical protocol
    
    1.2 Implant overdenture impressions
    
    1.3 Implant overdenture maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    1.4 Implant overdenture trial placement
    
    1.5 Implant overdenture placement
    
    1.6 Implant overdenture post-placement
- 3.3 Fixed prosthetics
  - 2.1 Fixed implant prosthesis clinical protocol
  - 2.2 Impressions
    
    1.1 Impressions - overview
    
    1.2 Splinted vs unsplinted impression copings
    
    1.3 Open versus closed tray
    
    1.4 Parallel vs non-parallel
  - 2.3 Maxillo-mandibular relations
  - 2.4 Trial placement
  - 2.5 Framework trial placement
  - 2.6 Placement
  - 2.7 Post-placement
4 Aftercare
- 4.1 Surgical aftercare
  - 0.1 Medication
  - 0.2 Post-operative soft tissue management
  - 0.3 Suture removal
  - 0.4 Post-surgical recommendations
- 4.2 Prosthetic aftercare
  - 1.1 Esthetic and function check
  - 1.2 Provisionals / temporary prosthesis
  - 1.3 Oral hygiene instructions
  - 1.4 Occlusal guard
- 4.3 Post-treatment complications and management
  - 2.1 Bleeding
  - 2.2 Soft tissue and hard tissue
  - 2.3 Patient compliance / recall
  - 2.4 Biologic complications
  - 2.5 Esthetic complications
- 4.4 Recall visits and logistics
  - 3.1 Recall visits - overview
  - 3.2 Patient expectations
  - 3.3 General health check
  - 3.4 Professional oral hygiene
  - 3.5 Implant overdenture maintenance
  - 3.6 Occlusion check
  - 3.7 Probing
  - 3.8 Inflammation, infection
    
    7.1 Inflammation and infection - overview
    
    7.2 Infection, microbiological diagnostics
  - 3.9 Radiological control

治疗指南

平行种植体植入

Key points

钻牙方案将受骨密度的影响，可能会因外科医生的经验以及所用种植体的类型/系统而异
钻牙时必须充分冲洗，以免造成骨过热
外科医生应熟悉种植体类型/系统以及所用的牙钻

初期稳定性

牙种植外科领域的新兴技术主要集中于一期手术和即刻行使功能，因此需要很高的种植体初期稳定性水平。

为了实施对骨质来说最为适当的钻牙方案，必须从头部到顶端全面了解种植体的解剖结构。顶端尖部较窄的平行种植体（例如，NobelSpeedy(诺保速定)）能够在植入时压缩和扩张骨，从而起到骨凿的作用。

钻牙程序注意事项

当骨矿化不良时，为了实现良好的初期稳定性，建议同时使用准备不足钻牙方案和双皮质固定，并以初期稳定性为目标（只要可能）。植入种植体时应遵循标准程序，只是在准备不足的情况下，植入扭矩应至少达到 30 Ncm，然后再使种植体最终就位。

对于 4.0 mm 种植体，在准备植入位置时应先用精准钻或圆钻，以便标记植入体的最终位置。准备工作通常应达到完全钻深，先用 2 mm 螺旋钻，然后用 2.4/2.8 mm 阶梯钻和 3.2/3.6 mm（取决于骨密度）
如果是密度很高的硬质骨，可在皮质骨中使用 3.8 mm 阶梯钻。保持种植体颈部和皮质骨接触对确保初期稳定性来说十分重要。因此，种植体颈部应置于骨内，并尽可能实现双皮质固定
要即刻行使功能，至少需要 35 Ncm 的扭矩

详细的钻牙方案

有关种植位置截骨和钻牙方案的详细信息，请参考各制造商和种植体的说明及手册。

临床分类

成功&失败/并发症

治疗指南

Edentulous

锥形种植体植入

在植入骨内时，通过根据自己的形状进行适当的预钻孔，锥形种植体将可以逐渐增加与周围骨的接触压力，从而提供很高的初期稳定性。这种初期稳定性使得此类种植体非常适合用于即刻负重，还适用于拔牙之后即刻种植。牙钻和/或种植体直径的交错增加还提供了一种机会，使得可以通过在顶端骨中局部固定种植体来确保种植体不动，因此该种植体类型尤其适用于即刻植入到空牙槽。如果植入扭矩/初期稳定性低于 35 Ncm，则应根据适应证和对颌齿系考虑即刻负重。
通过有针对性地选择种植体长度、种植体直径和不同形状的螺纹，或许可以说明可用骨矿物质密度及可

即刻种植

无牙颌治疗

立即观看

Additional resources

视频

罗兰•高力伟：即刻行使功能：从开拓理念...到常规

本次讲座从历史的角度审视了迄今为止不同的加载理念，并比较了延迟、早期和即刻加载的临床结果。历来都有一种倾向——植入过多植体以支持即刻加载，从如今的角度来看可被视为过度设计。关键是要根据类似全拱牙桥/覆盖义齿或单齿/FPD修复体的症状进行管控而非消除种植加载。证据显示，即刻加载有助于维护现有的组织量和轮廓，至少在愈合部位和无牙颌状况中，即刻加载的成功率可与延迟加载相媲美。

即刻负重/延迟负重

立即观看

Additional external resources

Nobel Biocare Brånemark System manual

Nobel Biocare NobelSpeedy manual

Nobel Biocare NobelReplace Straight and ReplaceSelect Straight manual

Nobel Biocare Brånemark System Zygoma manual

问题

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Anonymous

24.02.2020 | 20:52

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Helllo,

I am new in implantology and have question about laser marks on nobel parallel drills. I can not find any info about distance between 2 lines on first silver mark. Is it 0.5,1 or 1.5 mm. ? and is it mark for 8.5 implant length on drill? thx.

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Helllo,

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Anonymous

24.02.2020 | 20:52

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Helllo,

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Helllo,

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Anonymous

24.02.2020 | 20:54

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Helllo,

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Helllo,

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Anonymous

24.02.2020 | 20:54

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Helllo,

还没有回答

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Helllo,

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Anonymous

24.02.2020 | 20:55

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Helllo,

还没有回答

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Helllo,

平行种植体植入

初期稳定性

钻牙程序注意事项

详细的钻牙方案

临床分类

Related articles

治疗指南

锥形种植体植入

Additional resources

视频

罗兰•高力伟：即刻行使功能：从开拓理念...到常规

Additional external resources

Scientific References

问题

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Nobel parallel drilling protocol

Nobel parallel drilling protocol